Isentia Conversations with Campbell Fuller from Insurance Council of Australia
We talked to Campbell Fuller, the Head of Communications and Media Relations at Insurance Council of Australia about his experience working through Australia’s natural disasters.He shared his advice for communicating when circumstances are outside your control. Isentia’s Insights Director, Ngaire Crawford also shared some of the trends across social and traditional media as we move towards the recovery phase.
Isentia’s Ngaire Crawford talks about the recovery phase
4:15 – The narrative is shifting from an initial crisis comms response to a different media tone as we move into a recovery phase. Across Australia and New Zealand, the mainstream media is talking about:
Easing of restrictions
Practicality of restrictions
Longer term economic impact
4:34 – On social media, people are excited about the return of social interactions but they are also anxious and confused about the changes in restrictions and how they can be enforced.
5:05 – Google trends shows people across Australia are searching about the Coronavirus App; how it works and its security. And across Australia and New Zealand people are searching for information about the easing of restrictions.
6:04 – The next stage of COVID-19 communications can be categorised in three themes:
Clarity – this will continue to be extremely important in the coming weeks as restrictions change
Compassion – understand what is resonating with your audience to effectively communicate with them.
Creativity – A lot of organisations are delivering information in ways they weren’t expecting, or connecting with customers in a new way. Knowing your audience and your communication style is important when being creative.
6:47 – The media is starting to dissect the event, how did it start? Were we too slow? And people are trying to apportion blame so that someone can take responsibility. There’s a thirst for an apology.
With so many new rules and restrictions in place, be as clear and specific as you can. Move quickly when there’s a mistake, acknowledge what you don’t know.
Campbell Fuller talks communications during crisis
8:12- The Insurance Council has been flat out since September 2019 with very little respite. They’ve gone from the worst natural disasters season in Australia’s history into a pandemic. They’ve also been dealing with a number of government enquiries, as well as Parliamentary Inquiries, and growing expectations from regulators and various community groups.
9:08 – New Zealand is fortunate with communicating throughout this pandemic. Their central government provides a very clear message with a single trusted voice. This pandemic will steer communications to be more direct and unified.
Q&A
10:17 – Comms Professionals are under so much pressure at the moment. How do you retain flexibility when it’s so outside of your control?
10:41 – Campbell Fuller:
We haven’t had a pandemic in the past 15 years but we’ve had numerous issues and crises. As an industry group, we have a very strong relationship with our member companies, with regulators, with politicians and with consumer groups. Even though the circumstances aren’t always familiar, the approaches we apply to them are well established and deliver the best outcomes. It comes down to having the resources you need, having the empowerment of the decision makers to take certain steps and to continually stress test your actions and your messages each day.
11:48 – Although we didn’t predict a pandemic, we can predict there will be external stressors and as an industry, we need to respond appropriately.
It’s important to know your product well enough to design or modify your messaging so that it becomes fit for purpose.
12:26 – Wherever possible, have a single trusted voice. Make sure you are in constant connection with your most important groups, i.e your internal audience. Manage their expectations from the start and let them know they are important.
13:16 – For the external stakeholders of the Insurance Council, whether it’s talking to the media, to governments or regulators, it’s critical to get our messaging and our approach right. We also need to actively listen and monitor what others are saying, this includes listening to what is being said through our government, regulatory and consumer liaison channels.
14:33 – How do you manage consistency and continuity of comms, when overarching strategy is so unknown?
15:05 – Campbell Fuller:
Most of us would have some form of crisis strategy in place including how to identify issues, collate them, how to best respond to those issues, whilst also managing expectations.
16:01 – Look at the issues you have and prepare for the worst, middle and best case scenarios and include the steps needed to achieve those outcomes.
16:30 – No crisis management plan is 100% perfect, and the unknown always leaves the option to fine tune your plan. Where possible, always try and stay one step ahead of the issue.
16:50 – At the Insurance Council, we are in constant contact with our internal and external audiences. We look at the issues and concerns they’re experiencing and hear their thoughts about the direction they think the industry should be going. From this, we work out how it fits into our current policies and if it aligns with our approach.
We are constantly stress testing every single thing we do which enables us to identify emerging issues or predict things to come.
18:39 – By early March it was quite clear we needed to take more direct action in regards to COVID-19. We were one of the first industries to put a line through our events including our major industry summit due to take place at the end of March. We cancelled face to face member meetings, moved them online and took proactive steps to demonstrate to our member companies we were concerned about the impact of COVID-19.
20:53 –Are the themes; clarity, compassion and creativity here to stay? Do you think we are starting to see a media landscape shift and we won’t necessarily go back to business as usual?
21:04 – Ngaire Crawford:
Creativity during COVID-19 is particularly unique as it’s incredibly rare for a crisis to hit such a wide audience with everyone experiencing the same issue at the same time. It does, however, enable comms professionals to deliver messaging in a different way. Organisations have had to pivot around things that previously weren’t thought to be an issue and the receptiveness to this new found creativity will have longevity.
22:09 – Clarity is foundational in any crisis and is the result of people doing well during this time. Messaging needs to be clear and consistent from the very beginning.
26:25 – What link have you seen between communicating during bushfire season and communicating during a pandemic?
27:37 – Campbell Fuller:
It’s important to have a single credible voice, monitor the conversation and know when and how to correct something.
27:54 – The first principle of communications is to understand who is speaking (if you aren’t), and look at what they are saying. Determine whether their messaging is what you would be saying. It’s not a time to say something for the sake of it. Who is the most appropriate person to respond?
28:27- There’s a lot of misinformation with insurance providers, especially during natural disasters, and it’s our job to correct it. We steer the affected communities to the right information so they can take the right actions themselves towards recovery.
32:38 – COVID-19 has been used to blame many delays and other problems. At what point do communicators need to stop using COVID-19 as a catch all excuse?
33:03 – Campbell Fuller:
There is a risk people will get tired of using COVID-19 as an excuse. We need to shift our messaging from blaming to recovery led messaging. Everyone understands there are roadblocks at the moment, let’s focus on what we can do and how we can shape our responses to have a positive outlook.
If you would like toview other Webinar Isentia Conversations: Communicating through Change:
Loren is an experienced marketing professional who translates data and insights using Isentia solutions into trends and research, bringing clients closer to the benefits of audience intelligence. Loren thrives on introducing the groundbreaking ways in which data and insights can help a brand or organisation, enabling them to exceed their strategic objectives and goals.
Audiences are no longer finding information through traditional search engines that favour established news outlets. AI models now highlight highly relevant and contextual information to audiences to often include niche and regional publications alongside major news media. This change challenges the old media hierarchy around tiered publications and pushes organisations to reconsider how and where they need to show up to stay visible in an AI-first world.
Yes, organisations must focus on optimising their own content for LLMs, but will that always drastically increase the chances of AI models picking up your page? Probably not always. Smart strategy means targeting the specific publications your actual target audience reads — because those are the sources AI models retrieve when answering niche questions.
It’s closer to digital PR than SEO
Generative Engine Optimization (GEO) is changing how brands approach online visibility. For years, traditional SEO meant focusing on your own site—optimising keywords, building backlinks, and improving on-page content. But AI models work differently. Instead of just using your website, these AI engines rely on trusted third-party sources to answer questions. This shift is taking place gradually, of course. LLMs increasingly source from earned media (where it is accessible) and even offsite links from trusted sites. Owned media is still where the organisation has maximum control of how it’s own content travels, but a pivotal strategy shift is needed to match what AI models are picking up and citing.
To succeed with AI search, comms professionals need to think more like a digital PR strategist than a SEO expert. The best way to stand out is by earning mentions, quotes, and citations in the external publications your audience—and the AI systems they use—trust most. This does not make a distinction between Tier 1 or Tier 2 media. If AI models are crawling sites that mention an organisation, but the organisation does not acknowledge or even know those sites are being prioritised by LLMs, they risk falling behind in being the right kind of visible.
To make this strategy work, looking beyond common metrics like traffic to the site or domain authority is not enough. Even a respected industry site will probably not influence AI answers as much if its content is behind a paywall or blocked from search engines. For AI visibility, accessibility to the site or page, structured data that can be crawled, and strong audience alignment are important. Since AI systems use both slow training cycles and fast real-time web searches (RAG), being featured on accessible, relevant niche sites helps an organisation show up accurately when models learn and when they search the web in real time.
Why is Tier 2 media punching at Tier 1 weight?
According to Isentia's report How AI is destabilising trust and reputation amongst audiences, LLMs cite industry and trade publications about twice as often as traditional news sources. Company content and industry press make up over 60% of the share of voice LLMs use, while traditional news is twice as likely to generate negative sentiment. Thus, tier 1 outlets no longer automatically dominate AI-generated responses and may sometimes have the opposite effect.
Two main factors are driving this shift in which media is picked up by LLMs:
The paywalled problem was further expanded on by Dr Momoko Fujita during the Digital News Report: Australia webinar that news organisations must figure out how to make paywalled content easily readable by LLMs. By bridging this gap, these organisations can ensure that AI tools deliver accurate, high-quality reporting rather than missing out on premium content. If not, high-quality coverage may never reach the model. Isentia’s Prashant Saxena, VP of Revenue and Insights, SEA, during a recent partner event with IABC APAC on Why AI Visibility is the next reputation frontier illustrated a paywalled Bloomberg story, for example, that was accurately summarised details it could read at the top level, but fabricated details about raised guidance, even though guidance had been cut. This is because it could not read the rest of the article and tried its best to assume what it can with the information that’s accessible.
Specificity outweighs prestige. Tier 2, trade, and specialist publications are often more accessible, focused, and likely to provide the concrete, citable facts models need. Amy Chappell, Vuelio's Head of Insights Strategy, found a similar trend across sectors in her report on the visibility of supermarkets in the UK “ The role of AI, LLMs, and earned media in shaping reputation” and noted that supermarkets were most often cited by trade publications like The Grocer and Grocery Gazette, not national newspapers. Trade press stories, being more focused and well-sourced, provide models with clearer, more citable facts than broader national articles. This doesn’t mean that Tier 1 coverage does not matter — CEOs value front-page exposure because it remains highly influential. However, relying only on tier 1 hits now means missing significant AI visibility opportunities.
Cited vs consulted: LLMs read a hundred sources, but cite only a few
Which type of media gets cited relies upon how AI models scan different pages. If these models are citing much more niche media outlets, we can assume that a lot of these pages that are consulted could be a part of very relevant Tier 2 media that ends up actually getting cited, and that we’re seeing more and more examples of in AI answers. At the IABC APAC and Isentia webinar on measuring brand visibility in AI answers, Prashant Saxena, Isentia's VP of Revenue and Insights for SEA, stated that in the search era "we would get sources on our page one, page two, mostly page one", and people would click through to form their own opinions. The combined click-through rate in that era was 35 to 40 per cent. Nowadays, he says, "it's just four to five per cent" — since LLMs provide a smooth, ready-made answer and "most of us aren't really checking the citations".
Communications teams now face a new consideration: the distinction between sources that are consulted and those that are cited. At the IABC APAC and Isentia webinar, Takeo Apitzsch, Hoffman Agency’s Chief Digital and AI Officer, explained that AI models scan hundreds of pages to generate an answer but cite only a select few to users. This means that the audience sees only a small, curated portion of the sources that actually influenced the AI's response and a lot of what actually shapes the AI answer doesn’t get visible credit. Therefore, organisations need to make sure they reach out to those publications that AI models can actually crawl and audiences trust the most.
What does this mean for communications professionals?
We are seeing four practical shifts:
Rebuild your tier list based on what LLMs actually cite, not on internal assumptions. A so-called “low-priority” trade publication or niche forum may contribute more to your AI visibility than a national outlet you have long targeted.
Keep your reshuffled tier list fresh, not just correctly ranked. InWhy is content freshness the new currency for AI visibility? we discuss that a page that hasn't been updated in eighteen months is far more likely to drop out of AI answers altogether, no matter how well it once performed. Getting the right tier 2 outlets on side is only half the job done. Feeding them (and your own owned channels) on an ongoing basis is the other half.
Treat consistency as an essential. The largest gap between an organisation’s claims and what an LLM will confidently state is often due to inconsistencies between owned content and third-party coverage. When this occurs, the model may stop providing factual answers altogether.
Shift your focus from share of voice to share of mind. It is now less about how much you are discussed and more about whether the systems mediating the most have got the correct information about your organisation.If the system holds the wrong version, your audience may never access the right one.
Structurally, as Ashley Knapp, Head of Brand and Corporate Affairs, East Asia at Schneider Electric noted during the webinar, these efforts can no longer remain siloed. Owned, earned, shared, and paid media have traditionally been managed by separate teams. Now, because of AI visibility, this required a unified approach, as models do not distinguish between departments but are first to detect inconsistencies.
This also means reconsidering the PESO (paid, earned, shared and owned) strategy deployed by organisations since the way that LLMs access and prioritise them has changed. They prioritise brevity in content due to the high costs of GPUs and data centres. As a result, the shortest, clearest, and most trusted answers are favoured which benefits brands with strong reputations. Earned media remains important, but its influence now depends more on the credibility of the analyst than the platform. Shared content amplifies messages more than ever but is also where misinformation spreads fastest. Paid media is becoming more prominent in some models, though brands are still learning how this impacts visibility.
Media monitoring companies are becoming strategic AI visibility consultants
This shift requires media monitoring companies to evolve. Tracking mentions and sentiment across media channels has been central to media intelligence, but AI visibility has added a new dimension to this. This means monitoring not only what is said about an organisation, but also which sources AI models use when answering questions about that organisation, and assessing how current, authoritative, and consistent those sources are. This gives media monitoring organisations an opportunity to own what they’ve developed and also be thought leaders in this space. Stakeholders value the “so what” advice much more than just knowing “this is what is being said about you in the media”.
Lumina AI View addresses this by tracking which sources ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude, and other models cite when representing an organisation, benchmarks citations against competitors, identifies narrative shifts before they reach stakeholders, and regularly scores AI visibility against four reputation pillars: Direction, Performance, Integrity, and Innovation, These pillars have always supported reputation management, now applied to a largely unseen audience.
If you're weighing up where a tool like this sits alongside the rest of your stack, our own comparison,Best AI Tools for PR & Comms Teams (2026), breaks down how AI-assisted coverage, measurement, crisis response and reporting tools stack up, Lumina included.
Because that’s really the mindset shift comms teams, and the firms advising them both need to make. As Takeo put it on the IABC APAC and Isentia webinar: “I fear that this is the mindset shift communications teams and their advisors must adopt. I fear that AIs will be your secondary, and if not, at least equal… audience in the future.” Beyond human visibility, reputation is about being accurately represented by the systems that mediate access to your audience, which is an additional layer that cannot be trivialised anymore.
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Blog
How relevant is Tier 1 and Tier 2 media hierarchy in impacting how organisations show up in LLMs?
The hierarchy that exists between Tier 1 & 2 publications today is being challenged. AI models are the new way audiences discover information requiring organisations to rethink how they show up to remain visible in an AI-mediated environment.
Would you trust a brand more if an AI model recommended it? For many, the answer is yes – and it’s changing the very nature of PR & Comms.
Our latest report digs into the changing nature of trust, as audiences turn to AI models for quick answers instead of going to organisations or media outlets directly, with AI fast becoming the final stop in the comms cycle.
This report unpacks:
Why trust has shifted, and where audiences are having these conversations
Why AI has become the last stop in the comms cycle
Methods for staying on top of your brand trust and reputation
To access the full report, fill in the form below: